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Difference between revisions of "2002 AIME II Problems/Problem 6"

m (Breaking into sections)
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== Solution 1 ==
 
== Solution 1 ==
−
We know that <math>\frac{4}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2}</math>.
+
We know <math>\frac{1}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)}</math>. We can use the process of fractional decomposition to split this into two fractions thus: <math>\frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{A}{(n+2)} + \frac{B}{(n-2)}</math> for some A and B.
 +
 
 +
Solving for A and B gives <math>1 = (n-2)A + (n+2)B</math> or <math>1 = n(A+B)+ 2(B-A)</math>. Since there is no n term on the left hand side, <math> A+B=0</math> and by inspection <math>1 = 2(B-A)</math>. Solving yields <math> A=\frac{1}{4},  B=\frac{-1}{4}</math>
  
−
So if we pull the <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> out of the summation, you get
+
Then we have <math>\frac{1}{n^2-4} = \frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{ \frac{1}{4} }{(n-2)} + \frac{ \frac{-1}{4} }{(n+2)}</math>.
  
 
<math>250\sum_{n=3}^{10,000} (\frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2})</math>.
 
<math>250\sum_{n=3}^{10,000} (\frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2})</math>.
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If you didn't know <math>\frac{4}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2}</math>, here's how you can find it out:
 
If you didn't know <math>\frac{4}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2}</math>, here's how you can find it out:
−
 
−
We know <math>\frac{1}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)}</math>. We can use the process of fractional decomposition to split this into two fractions thus: <math>\frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{A}{(n+2)} + \frac{B}{(n-2)}</math> for some A and B.
 
−
 
−
Solving for A and B gives <math>1 = (n-2)A + (n+2)B</math> or <math>1 = n(A+B)+ 2(B-A)</math>. Since there is no n term on the left hand side, <math> A+B=0</math> and by inspection <math>1 = 2(B-A)</math>. Solving yields <math> A=\frac{1}{4},  B=\frac{-1}{4}</math>
 
−
 
−
Then we have <math>\frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{ \frac{1}{4} }{(n-2)} + \frac{ \frac{-1}{4} }{(n+2)}</math> and we can continue as before.
 
  
 
== Solution 2 ==
 
== Solution 2 ==

Revision as of 18:23, 26 December 2021

Problem

Find the integer that is closest to $1000\sum_{n=3}^{10000}\frac1{n^2-4}$.

Solution 1

We know $\frac{1}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)}$. We can use the process of fractional decomposition to split this into two fractions thus: $\frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{A}{(n+2)} + \frac{B}{(n-2)}$ for some A and B.

Solving for A and B gives $1 = (n-2)A + (n+2)B$ or $1 = n(A+B)+ 2(B-A)$. Since there is no n term on the left hand side, $A+B=0$ and by inspection $1 = 2(B-A)$. Solving yields $A=\frac{1}{4}, B=\frac{-1}{4}$

Then we have $\frac{1}{n^2-4} = \frac{1}{(n+2)(n-2)} = \frac{ \frac{1}{4} }{(n-2)} + \frac{ \frac{-1}{4} }{(n+2)}$.

$250\sum_{n=3}^{10,000} (\frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2})$.

Now that telescopes, leaving you with:

$250 (1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9999} - \frac{1}{10000} - \frac{1}{10001} - \frac{1}{10002}) = 250 + 125 + 83.3 + 62.5 - 250 (- \frac{1}{9999} - \frac{1}{10000} - \frac{1}{10001} - \frac{1}{10002})$

The small fractional terms are not enough to bring $520.8$ lower than $520.5,$ so the answer is $\fbox{521}$


If you didn't know $\frac{4}{n^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{n-2} - \frac{1}{n + 2}$, here's how you can find it out:

Solution 2

Using the fact that $\frac{1}{n(n+k)} = \frac{1}{k} ( \frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+k} )$ or by partial fraction decomposition, we both obtained $\frac{1}{x^2-4} = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{x-2}-\frac{1}{x+2})$. The denominators of the positive terms are $1,2,..,9998$, while the negative ones are $5,6,...,10002$. Hence we are left with $1000 \cdot 4 (1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9999} - \frac{1}{10000} - \frac{1}{10001} - \frac{1}{10002})$. We can simply ignore the last $4$ terms, and we get it is approximately $1000*\frac{25}{48}$. Computing $\frac{25}{48}$ which is about $0.5208..$ and moving the decimal point three times, we get that the answer is $521$

See also

2002 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 5 		Followed by
Problem 7
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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