Difference between revisions of "2000 AIME I Problems/Problem 6"

Revision as of 22:16, 16 June 2014

Problem

For how many ordered pairs $(x,y)$ of integers is it true that $0 < x < y < 10^{6}$ and that the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $y$ is exactly $2$ more than the geometric mean of $x$ and $y$ ?

Solution

Solution 1

$\begin{eqnarray*} \frac{x+y}{2} &=& \sqrt{xy} + 2\\ x+y-4 &=& 2\sqrt{xy}\\ y - 2\sqrt{xy} + x &=& 4\\ \sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x} &=& \pm 2\end{eqnarray*}$

Because $y > x$ , we only consider $+2$ .

For simplicity, we can count how many valid pairs of $(\sqrt{x},\sqrt{y})$ that satisfy our equation.

The maximum that $\sqrt{y}$ can be is $10^3 - 1 = 999$ because $\sqrt{y}$ must be an integer (this is because $\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x} = 2$ , an integer). Then $\sqrt{x} = 997$ , and we continue this downward until $\sqrt{y} = 3$ , in which case $\sqrt{x} = 1$ . The number of pairs of $(\sqrt{x},\sqrt{y})$ , and so $(x,y)$ is then $\boxed{997}$ .

Solution 2

Let $a^2$ = $x$ and $b^2$ = $y$

Then $\frac{a^2 + b^2}{2} = \sqrt{{a^2}{b^2}} +2$ $a^2 + b^2 = 2\sqrt{ab} + 4$ $(a-b)^2 = 4$ $(a-b) = \pm 2$

This makes counting a lot easier since now we just have to find all pairs $(a,b)$ that differ by 2.

Because $\sqrt{10^6} = 10^3$ , then we can use all positive integers less than 1000 for $a$ and $b$ .

Without loss of generality, let's say $a < b$ .

We can count even and odd pairs separately to make things easier*:

Odd: $(1,3) , (3,5) , (5,7) . . . (997,999)$

Even: $(2,4) , (4,6) , (6,8) . . . (996,998)$

This makes 499 odd pairs and 498 even pairs, for a total of $\boxed{997}$ pairs.

$*$ Note: We are counting the pairs for the values of $a$ and $b$ , which, when squared, translate to the pairs of $(x,y)$ we are trying to find.

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 Since <math>y>x</math>, it follows that each ordered pair <math>(x,y) = (n^2, (n+2)^2)</math> satisfies this equation. The minimum value of <math>x</math> is <math>1</math> and the maximum value of <math>y = 999^2</math> which would make <math>x = 997^2</math>. Thus <math>x</math> can be any of the squares between <math>1</math> and <math>997^2</math> inclusive and the answer is <math>\boxed{997}</math>.
 -->
 === Solution 2 ===

2000 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 5	Followed by Problem 7
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

Page

Toolbox

Search