2005 AIME II Problems/Problem 7

Problem

Let $x=\frac{4}{(\sqrt{5}+1)(\sqrt[4]{5}+1)(\sqrt[8]{5}+1)(\sqrt[16]{5}+1)}.$ Find $(x+1)^{48}.$

Solution

We note that in general,

$\displaystyle {} (\sqrt[2^n]{5} + 1)(\sqrt[2^n]{5} - 1) = (\sqrt[2^n]{5})^2 - 1^2 = \sqrt[2^{n-1}]{5} - 1$ .

It now becomes apparent that if we multiply the numerator and denominator of $\displaystyle \frac{4}{ (\sqrt{5}+1) (\sqrt[4]{5}+1) (\sqrt[8]{5}+1) (\sqrt[16]{5}+1) }$ by $\displaystyle (\sqrt[16]{5} - 1)$ , the denominator will telescope to $\displaystyle \sqrt[1]{5} - 1 = 4$ , so

$\displaystyle x = \frac{4(\sqrt[16]{5} - 1)}{4} = \sqrt[16]{5} - 1$ .

It follows that $(x + 1)^{48} = (\sqrt[16]5)^{48} = 5^3 = 125$

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2005 AIME II Problems/Problem 7

Problem

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